The History and Fact About the Mousetrap

A  mousetrap  is a type of  animal trap  designed primarily to catch  mice; however, it may also, accidentally or not, trap other small animals. Mousetraps are usually set somewhere indoors where there is a suspected infestation of  rodents. The trap that is credited as the first patented lethal mousetrap was a set of spring-loaded, cast-iron jaws dubbed Royal No. 1.  It was patented on November 4, 1879, by James M. Keep of New York.  From the patent description, it is clear that this is not the  first  mousetrap of this type, but the patent is for this simplified, easy-to-manufacture, design. It is the industrial age development of the  deadfall trap, but relying on the force of a wound spring rather than gravity. The jaws of this type are operated by a coiled spring and the triggering mechanism is between the jaws, where the bait is held. The  trip  snaps the jaws shut, killing the rodent. Lightweight traps of this style are now constructed from plastic. These traps do not have a powerful snap like other types. They are safer for the fingers of the person setting them than other lethal traps and can be set with the press on a tab by a single finger or even by foot. James Henry Atkinson The classic spring-loaded mousetrap was first patented by William C. Hooker of  Abingdon, Illinois, who received a patent for his design in 1894.  A British inventor,  James Henry Atkinson, patented a similar trap called the Little Nipper in 1898, including variations that had a weight-activated treadle as the trip The Little Nipper is the classic snapping mousetrap that we are all familiar with that has the small flat wooden base, the spring trap, and the wire fastenings.  Cheese may be placed on the trip as  bait, but other foods such as oats, chocolate, bread, meat, butter, and peanut butter are more commonly used.   The Little Nipper slams shut in 38,000th of a second and that record has never been beaten. This is the design that has prevailed until today. This mousetrap has captured a 60 percent share of the British mousetrap market alone, and an estimated equal share of the international market. James Atkinson sold his mousetrap patent in 1913 for 1,000 pounds to Procter, the company that has been manufacturing the Little Nipper ever since, and has even built a 150-exhibit mousetrap museum in their factory headquarters. American John Mast of Lititz, Pennsylvania, received a patent on his similar snap-trap mousetrap in 1899. Humane Mousetraps Austin Kness had an idea for a better mousetrap back in the 1920s. The Kness Ketch-All Multiple Catch mousetrap doesnt use bait. It catches mice alive and can catch several before it needs to be reset. Mousetraps Galore Did you know that the Patent Office has issued more than 4,400 mousetrap patents; however, only about 20 of those patents have made any money? Catch a few of the different designs for mousetraps in our mousetrap gallery.

Socialism And Its Nature Of Supporting Economic And Social...

Ideology is most sufficiently defined as ideas and ideals that critique society and create a strategy to reach a better sociopolitical order (Love 19). In today’s world, the word comes with a negative connotations, and when heard becomes associated with unrealistic and impractical thinking. However, ideological thinking is necessary in societal progress, which the socialist ideology highlights and embodies. Socialism is a justifiable and critical ideology because it supports an environment of equality, encourages revolution, and occasionally strives for utopia. The first important aspect of Socialism is its nature of supporting economic and social equality. In order to understand this feature of socialism, one must grasp the importance and benefit of equality to a society. Albert Fried summarizes common socialist themes in the statement â€Å" each person’s obligation to society as a whole was the absolute condition of his equality. Society is a brotherhood not a co llection of strangers drawn together by interest† (Love 81). Some may argue that creating a community of brotherhood and equality prevents drive for success. Capitalism inherently creates motivation to surpass one s current class level and move up the economic ladder. This supposedly creates more economic production. Albert Fried disputes this claim however along with Joseph Chytry. Fried claims that â€Å"The individual derives his highest fulfillment from his solidarity with others, not from the pursuit ofShow MoreRelatedTony Blair, Socialism, Liberalism And Conservatism1665 Words   |  7 PagesCurrently, three prominent ideologies dominate the governing style of the world today: socialism, liberalism and conservatism. Many political groups and leaders often follow or claim to follow a specific ideology. On the other side of the spectrum for those who follow one ideology specific, there are some individuals that knowingly or unknowingly that follow none and focus on pra cticality of ideas. Those individuals are referred to as pragmatist. According to Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, pragmatism isRead MoreProgressivism And Progressivism925 Words   |  4 Pageswhat progressivism is and what effect it had within the United States. Progressivism is defined as a movement that is to limit the social destructiveness effects of capitalism. Progressives look at capitalism as unhindered. That they need to extract from the markets in a capitalist system and to counterbalance the tasks that capitalism leaves such as terrible social effects. They wanted the public well being to be better off. Progressives overall did not want to other throw capitalism, but they wantedRead MoreSocial Policies And Law, Major Acts And The Discussion Of Working With Adults With Disabilities943 Words   |  4 Pageslight on social policy and law, major acts and the discussion of working with adults with disabilities in context of social work theories and current challenges. Social Wor kers (SWs) must work under set rules and policies currently in place. I will analyse and critically evaluate some major acts, the Human Rights Act (1998), Equality Act (2010) and the Mental Capacity Act (2005). Some people would say the Equality Act (2010) and Human Right Act (1998) act as an umbrella of guidance for social workersRead MoreSociologist Views on the Means and Ends of Socialism Essay2363 Words   |  10 PagesViews on the Means and Ends of Socialism Socialism is a very broad ideology, encompassing many different ideas and viewpoints. Different socialists have disagreed on both the ways in which they believe socialism should be achieved and implemented, and on what exactly it is that they want to achieve. The two main viewpoints I am going to look at in terms of the means of achieving socialism are revolutionary socialism and evolutionary socialism, and in terms of the aimsRead More Communism In The U.S. Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages Karl Marx, author of The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, was the originator of the political and economic theory of Scientific Socialism (modern Communism). Communism, by definition, is the complete control of major resources and the means of production by government, initially in the form of autocracy. In theory, under this system all would be equal; all would share in both work, according to their ability, and profit, according to need. According to Marx, the proletariat, or working classRead MoreEssay about New Social Movements, how they arose and affect us.2411 Words   |  10 Pages What factors account for the rise of new social movements and what effect have they had on contemporary society? We are all familiar with the stories of suffragettes burning their bras, and environmental enthusiasts breaking into labs and liberating rats back to the wild. But what caused women to abruptly rip of their pinnies, tell dad dinner’s in the dog and start running around without appropriate underwear? What caused contented homemakers to leave the cosy warmth of their gas fires in favourRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Jurgis Rudkus 1520 Words   |  7 Pagesheavily on his family. Following the death of his wife and son, Jurgis leaves his remaining family and becomes involved in crime and political scandal. Eventually, Jurgis reconnects with his family and discovers socialism, a political ideology which rekindles his hopes for a future of equality and opportunity for all. Ona Lukoszaite is Jurgis s wife. She is a gentle and quiet young woman, whom Jurgis constantly strives to protect. Shortly after settling into Packingtown, she gives birth to AntanasRead MoreIs The Us Presidential Election Cycle?2504 Words   |  11 Pages There are two basic trains of thought: the economy should benefit everyone equally and should be controlled by the government aka socialism, or private enterprises should control the free market, deciding winners and losers aka capitalism. There are legitimate arguments for both ways of thinking, arguments that have become extremely relevant recently due to economic inequality in America and around the world. A good example of these two different arguments is the US presidential election cycle.Read MoreA Brief Note On Karl Marx, A German Philosopher And Economist Born2586 Words   |  11 PagesKarl Marx, a German philosopher and economist born in 1818, had a profound impact on and revolutionised politics, economics and intellectu al thought (Calhoun, 2002, pp. 23-24) when he emerged as a revolutionary thinker who denounced the economic and political elites (the Bourgeoisie) and argued Communism was the inevitable destination for society. His abstract view of human history led many to adopt his ideas and led to the formation of self-declared Communist states across four continents. StalinRead MoreModern Environmental Degradation And Exploitation3639 Words   |  15 Pagesresources of our planet. Since every transformative process bears the scars of revolution, Marx argues that, in emerging from the shackles of capitalism, socialism or the â€Å"first phase† of communism will bear the birthmarks of the previous order. Thus, each worker will be given credit for his contribution. When these changes transform the society and socialism extends throughout the world, humanity will enter the final stage of pure communism characterized by Statelessness, Classlessness and Propertylessness

Is Mechanical Engineering Beng At Liverpool John Moores...

Introduction:- This essay is searching my selected major, which is Mechanical Engineering BEng at Liverpool John Moores University. At first, it is investigating the reasons that made me choose this major, and then compare its first year modules at LJMU with University of Liverpool. Lastly, it presents an argument in thermodynamics, a module taught at the first year of Liverpool John Moores University Mechanical Engineering BEng program, which is a comparison between the efficiency of diesel and petrol engines. A:- A bachelor degree of Mechanical Engineering is my selected major to study at Liverpool John Moores University. LJMU is one of the leading school in teaching a practical degree of Mechanical Engineering. This degree provides†¦show more content†¦The second factor is school, my teachers always told me about how amazing engineers are, and how did they help building with other scientists our modern world, until I reached high school when I first studied physics as a single subject. My physics teacher was the most to affect me by teaching me about engines and they work and planting the love of mechanics and engineering into my soul which kept growing with me as I grew older. Thirdly, since I was a kid I have loved mechanics and engines and kept always trying to fix my toy cars, thinking about how they were made, and wanting to drive so badly. Therefore, when was a teenager, I kept asking my older brother to teach me how to drive. Fortunately, my older brother wanted me to lear n how to drive quickly in order to throw our house chores on me. Therefore, I kept learning how to drive, and my brother taught me how engines works in simple words, and showed me how to keep maintenance of cars in general and engines in specific. In conclusion, I have always wanted to study Mechanical Engineering for its great job opportunities, my family recommendation, school encouragement, and personal experience. B:- Mechanical Engineering BEng is a program taught at Liverpool John Moores University. This part of the essay is going to compare it between Liverpool John Moores University, and University of Liverpool based

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1721 Words

A significant quote from Romeo and Juliet: â€Å"Wisely and slow. They stumble that run fast† (2.3.94). This is the advice given by Friar Laurence warning about the dangers of fickle love, but it also says something about how action may lead to disaster. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the two protagonists for whom the play is named, Romeo and Juliet, are children of two relentlessly feuding families. Juliet belongs to the Capulet family while Romeo belongs to the Montagues. When the two meet, they fall in love, and decide to get married secretly, despite the disapproval of their families that would be blatant if their love was made public. The character of Nurse is someone who has watched over Juliet throughout her childhood, and Juliet confides in Nurse as if she were her mother. Friar Laurence is a figure which Romeo seems to confide in from the beginning. Both of these characters are involved in the â€Å"star-crossed lovers’† secret marriage plan s. In Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, Nurse and Friar Laurence, who serve as supporting characters to Juliet and Romeo, both influence the decisions made by the protagonists, and therefore affect the final outcome of the story, Friar more effectively enabling the couple through his action than Nurse, who acts as an assistant, advisor, and messenger. Both Friar Laurence and Nurse are confidants to the protagonists of the story, Friar Laurence being an advisor to Romeo as Nurse is to Juliet. Differences exist in theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare occupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows t he so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet967 Words   |  4 Pagesof ‘Romeo and Juliet’ written by William Shakespeare. Shakespearean time was between the middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution and it was branded by religious changes. William Shakespeare is widely known as the greatest dramatist of all time. Born April 1564, Shakespeare’s play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is no doubt one of his most famous pieces. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was first published in 1597 and its tragic story of banned love still captures the creativity of its audience today. ‘Romeo and Juliet’, although

City Problems free essay sample

Theres many problems facing the worlds cities now and in the coming years. Those problems have a huge impact for our lives and cities. It will make our cities become damaged and uncontrolled. But we do not have to worry because every problem has solutions. One of the problem is about population, such as human overpopulation. For the first time ever, the majority of the worlds population lives in a city, and this proportion continues to grow. The reason is due to medical advancements and increases in agricultural productivity. Besides that, the big problem of cities is transport problem. Transport problems are related to urban areas and take place when transport systems cannot satisfy the requirements of urban mobility. The example of problems are traffic congestion, public transport inadequacy, loss of public space, environmental impacts and energy consumption, accidents and safety, and so on. From the problems that weve known, we are as human can use our brain to think the way to reduce and fix them. We will write a custom essay sample on City Problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To solve the overpopulation problem, the solutions are education. Educating the masses helps them understand the need to have one or two children at the most. Second way is making people aware of family planning. The other way is knowledge of sex education. Imparting sex education to young kids at elementary level should be must. Mostly, the information is incomplete which results in sexually active teenagers unaware of contraceptives and embarrassed to seek information about same. It is therefore important for parents and teachers to shed their old inhibitions and make their kids or students aware of solid sex education. We can conclude that theres many problems that facing the cities. But, they can be fixed through many ways.The ways can reduce the city problems, such as overpopulation and transport system problem. Therefore, we have to do the ways right because our city is our lives.

Jazz Concert Review Essay Example For Students

Jazz Concert Review Essay Attending my first jazz concert was an unforgettable experience of great live instrumental music. The concert was entertaining and a very educational experience of this course. As a student in this course with little musical education, I never appreciated instrumentals, until the SDSU Jazz Concert. This concert was a really enjoyable experience with the balance of all the instruments. I really enjoyed the experience and the knowledge of music I gained from the concert. The way the conductor opened the show was very nice. As I walked in some of the violins were playing sweet melodies until everyone arrived and took a seat. They asked us to shut off our phones so we would not interrupt the concert. They had an itinerary for us to follow along with all the songs but they did not play every song that was on he itinerary. Also, the songs were not in playing order so it got confusing which songs they were playing. The melodies portrayed in each song were very unique. The first song, â€Å"In a Turkish Bath,† the guitar player, Tim Quinn had a long solo in the beginning that was entertaining because of his enthusiasm and body movements that went with the beats. It was refreshing to see someone with such great skill who so involved in playing the guitar. There was also one pianist, who hit every note on point, and many saxophonists and trumpeters. One of the trumpeters (I unfortunately forgot his name) had a 30 second long solo. He was incredible; his movement as he played was magnificent. The way his body moved with the melody of the song was on point. He was really in the mood of the song and was enjoyable to watch. This song was falling more toward dissonant category then consonant. The instruments were very loud and not kind to the ear. The second song played was a surprise choice, and it was a pleasure to see that each musician was very prepared and put their best effort into the songs. The third chosen song was â€Å"Santa Barbara Samba† and it included great fast beats with the trombone, guitar, and drums. I really enjoyed the melodies of all the instruments played because each had their own timbre. The fourth song played was â€Å"Time After Time,† which is my favorite song played because of the female vocalist, Teagen Taylor, who had a great voice. The vocal component kept me entertained because I was able to greatly appreciate the instruments along with the voice. She sang and also played the saxophone. She had a beautiful voice and is a very impressive musician. That song was a good vocal ensemble that was a balance between vocals and instruments. On the fifth song, â€Å"Latin Espresso, I appreciated how upbeat the song was and how there was such great rhythm as well. The timbre, or tone color, was very happy and bright. This made the music enjoyable and creates a pleasurable mood for the ears of the audience. Lastly, the â€Å"Concord Blues Plus 8† piece was impressive to me because of the piano player. The pianist also had magnificent solos. The piano creates a very unique sound during an instrumental and adds a great amount of rhythm and is my personal favorite instrument, but I would have enjoyed more attention for the pianist throughout the performance. The guitar solos, by Tim Quinn, were very well performed. I really enjoyed his enthusiasm and love for music, which was very noticeable during his performance. I enjoyed his part in the song and his great skills on the piano. The rhythm of a song allows the audience to add their own motion to the unique beat and â€Å"Concord Blues Plus 8† created an entertaining beat that I appreciated greatly. .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f , .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .postImageUrl , .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f , .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f:hover , .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f:visited , .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f:active { border:0!important; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f:active , .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue29175923691f855cee3f13e42c6762f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The major musical development of the classical period EssayWhen I was younger I played the piano, so I felt I could relate the most with that instrument and could understand the piano part the best. The songs that were played at the concert added depth to the course because all the musicians were very talented and brought a great jazz experience to the concert. Overall, this experience at the San Diego State University Jazz Ensemble was unforgettable as well as very educational and enjoyable. Even though our class is the history of rock I thought it would be cool to see a jazz concert and learn a different type of music. The jazz ensemble flowed very well, and I sat in the front row, which was a great experience. I feel that San Diego State University’s Jazz Ensemble is very well directed and deserves more recognition. This experience added depth to the course and was much more pleasurable than listening to instrumentals online because I had never taken an interest in jazz until finally seeing it live in concert. While I am not pursuing a career in music, I am interested in attending more live jazz concerts and expanding my musical horizons.

The Basic Ingredients for the Formation of any Contract Free Sample

Question: Can Mike, Tom, Steve and Mary have any Claims against Bob? Answer: The basic ingredients that are required for the formation of any contract are agreement (offer plus acceptance), consideration, and intention of the parties and the capacity of the contractual parties. (Adams, 1997) All these ingredients should be analyzed in order to understand whether the claims that are raised against Bob are valid or not? A contract is an agreement which has the enforceability of law. An agreement is made when an offer is supported by acceptance. When an offer transfers his desire acts/omissions to an offeree with a hope that an approval will be received then it is an offer (ButlerMachine Toolv Ex-Cell-O Corporation[1979]). When the offeree grants his approval to the offer so received then it is called acceptance. (McKendrick Liu, 2015) But, when instead of accepting the offer, changes are brought in and a conditional acceptance is made then it is invalid and such act is called counter offer which has the capacity to cancel the original offer. The counter offer then becomes the new offer which must be approved to make a contract (Hyde v Wrench[1840]). Further, when the acceptance is made by letter or post, then as per rule in Adams vLindsell (1818), the acceptance is complete when the letter is posted. No revocation of offer will cancel the contract amid the parties. (McKendrick Liu, 2015) Also, when no offer is made but offers are invited via advertisements, auctions, tenders, etc, then it is called invitation and is not equivalent to an offer. The inviter receives offers from the public and hen he accepts the offers then a valid contract is made (Partridge v Crittenden[1968]). Apart from offer and acceptance, every agreement amid the parties should be sustained by consideration which makes such agreements enforceable in law. Consideration is benefits/gain/advantage which is paid by one party to another in exchange of the promises that is complied with by the parties. If there is no consideration the acts are gratuitous and there is no contract (Commonwealth v Verwayen[1990]). (Stone Devenney, 2015) The parties should also exchange their promises with legal intention. If the offer or offeree is exchanging offers and acceptance with no intention to bind by the same legally, then such kinds of contract have no significance. Whether parties are in domestic or commercial relationship, the contract are only enforceable when they intent to be legally bound by the same Cohen v. Cohen(1929). (Latimer, 2012) The parties should also be mentally stable and major in order to be capable to make a valid contract. Application The law is now applied to each and every situation. An email was sent by Mike to Bob on 1st January wherein he offers to sell his laptops at a price of $300 each (including insurance, delivery and GST). He offered 30 laptops. Normally, advertisements, tenders, display are invitations, but, the mail sent by Mike is an offer and thus Bob if accepts the offer of Mike then there is a contract amid the two. But, on 2nd Jan, Bob instead of accepting the offer, make changes and revert by stating that he is willing to buy the laptops provided the price is $ 300 inclusive of GST. The acceptance made by Bob is not a valid offer because acceptance must be absolute and unqualified. But, the acceptance made by Bob was conditional and thus is a counter offer. This counter offer has cancelled the offer of Mike. So, now the offer made by Bob on 2nd is valid. This offer was rejected by Mike on 3rd January. So, no contract exists between Bob and Mike. The acceptance of Bob on 5th has no significance as no acceptance can be made against an offer which was rejected by the parties already. The invoice of $ 9,000 send by Mike will not make the contract valid. Now, Bob was in need of hard-drives, so he ordered 5 drives from Tom on 10th January at the rate of $50 each. Thus, an offer is made by Bob which as accepted by Tom on 12th January through post but he agreed to accept the offer provided he will make delivery at the end of month. The acceptance by post by Tom has resulted in the formation of contract on 12th itself. As per postal rule, the acceptance is deeming to take place as soon as the letter is posted. The email by Bob on 14th for cancellation of offer has no significance. Toms letter reaches Bob on 15 January, and the hard-drives are delivered a few days later with an invoice for $ 10 000, which Bob refuses to pay. Also, Steve used to look after the cat of Bob. Later Steve was in need of computer so he asked for the same from Bob by writing to Bob on 1ts February. Bob agreed in exchange for the favors made by Steve. However, the promise by Bob has no significance because it is a promise which is made for a past act and in Australian contract law; there is no scope for past considerations (Roscorla v Thomas (1842)). Lastly, Bob is dealing with Mary in order to buy a van. Mary sent a document wherein she offered the sale price for the van at $33,000. The document requires the signature of Bob agreeing with the document terms. Bob accidently signs the document and faxes the same to Mary. When Bob signs the document he is of the view that he has signed a document of some other supplier. Now, Bob has no legal intention to abide by the document which he has signed and sent it to Mary. The offer made by Mary as accepted by Bob but without any legal intention and which is the main essence of any valid contract. The parties are in commercial relationship but the intention of both the parties is different and is not in consensus with each other. So, Bob has no legal intention to abide by the contract. Conclusion Mike cannot sue Bob because no valid offer was accepted by either of the parties. So, there is no contract amid the two. Bob must pay $ 10,000 to Tom because there is a valid contract with Tom which was established on 12th January itself hen the letter of acceptance was posted. Bob is not compelled to provide computers to Steve because the consideration that is provided by Bib against the favors of Steve was for a past act and thus has no value in law. Mary cannot force Bob to honor the contract because there is lack of legal intention. References Books/Articles/Journals Adams, M (1997). Australian Essential Management Law, Routledge. Latimer, P (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. McKendrick, E, Liu Q (2015) Contract Law:Australian Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Stone, R, Devenney J (2015) The Modern Law of Contract. Routledge. Case laws Adams vLindsell (1818). ButlerMachine Toolv Ex-Cell-O Corporation[1979] 1 WLR 401. Commonwealth v Verwayen[1990] HCA 39. Cohen v. Cohen(1929) 42 CLR 91. Hyde v Wrench[1840] 49 ER 132 Partridge v Crittenden[1968] 1 WLR 1204. Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234

Msuic free essay sample

Breton science homework Aim: In science we did an experiment about elephant skin, it was about if elephants cool down quicker when wet or dry.Equipment: 2 thermometers and beakers, hot water (to put inside of the beaker), tap water (to wet the cottons pen, paper, ruler and a rubber (this is for your graph and data) Method: first get two beakers then wrap one In cotton wool and wet it with a tap water temperature representing the water an elephant would spray on Its self to cool down , then wrap one In cotton wool and then leave It dry, the cotton wool emulates (emulate Just means to copy) the elephants kin, Then put water In both of the beakers make sure the water Is put Inside the beakers at the same time and make sure you put the same amount of water In the beakers, why?Place 1 thermometer In each beaker and measure the temperatures each minute but make sure you record the data, look at the results on the thermometer twice, after workout the average by adding the data in each colum n and dividing it by the number of times you recorded the data in each column, if you dont understand raise your hand and tell the teacher, work with a partner or a group of three, good luck. We will write a custom essay sample on Msuic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Read it all to make sure you understand and to make sure you are doing the test right.Independent variable: the conditions of the cottons wrapped around the beaker. Dependent variable: temperature in both the beakers covered in cotton. Control variable: The amount of water inside the beakers, the amount of the cotton wrapped around the beakers, the room conditions and water temperature at the beginning of the test.